PRIVATE TUTORING DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF TEACHERS, STUDENTS AND PARENTS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF KAZAKHSTAN
Keywords:
shadow education, private tutoring, social status, socio-political transformationsAbstract
After the collapse of the Soviet Union there have been noticeable transformations from the socialist regime towards market-based system since the early 1990s, which encompassed a variety of economic and social issues including the education system. In most of the post-soviet countries including Kazakhstan several reforms have been implemented to provide effective learning opportunities for children. However, this process has led to serious consequences in terms of the equal access to quality education and quality of life. A free market system has contributed to the expansion of private tutoring involving the access to university education.
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